An essay on biomedicine and the body politic.
Millions of addicts in America want effective treatment, and cannot get it. Funds for research and treatment are still scarce, compared to money for interdiction and law enforcement. What would happen if we took the billions spent on interdiction and let it flow into addiction research and treatment? What would happen if we gave people truthful, accurate information about drugs, and trusted them to make intelligent decisions more often than stupid ones? Can it end up any worse that the present state of affairs?
Susan Sontag’s warnings about the danger of disease as metaphor still ring true. In modern American society, heart disease, cancer, AIDS, alcoholism, and cigarette addiction account for millions of deaths. They are all disease entities with strong psychological and behavioral components—complicated, multicellular, multi-organ disorders. But they have all been associated, at one time or another, with negative personality traits and moral flaws. The less we know about the mechanics of a human disorder, the more likely we are to view its external symptoms as signs of laziness, or neuralgia of the spirit, or as a form of damage caused by specific kinds of thoughts and emotions. Without a doubt, all kinds of flaws are sometimes expressed in the behavior of people who have these disorders. Yet none of these flaws can be considered the root cause of the diseases.
The genuine drug war is being fought in the arena of biomedicine. Addiction is being added to the roster of physical disorders once thought to be symptoms of insanity, but which are now seen to be physiological disease entities with mental components. The real crisis is the indisputable fact that there exists today an appalling shortage of funds for biomedical research. The cause of the dilemma is a fundamental misunderstanding among politicians and the public about how diseases can be understood and conquered. Research into the viral mechanisms of the common cold may ultimately yield more insights into AIDS then all of the directed research now underway. In biomedicine, there is no guarantee that goals can be reached through the front door, by a systematic assault akin to an engineering project. We cannot, for example, hope to cure addiction, or even the common cold, by means of the same methods we used to put a man on the moon.
There are, however, certain things we can do immediately, if we are serious about drug abuse. To begin with, we can attend to the staggering number of drug-related deaths, injuries, and hospitalizations caused by the abuse of prescription medications. The government itself has proven the case for this contention in numerous reports issued by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and other official bodies. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, older Americans account for more than half of all deaths from drug reactions, leading one to suspect that the majority of drug fatalities in this country stem from accidentally fatal overdoses by heavily medicated senior citizens. Our national fixation on illegal drugs has blinded us to the verifiable facts about prescription drug abuse.
We also need to recognize the problem of underprescribing morphine and other addictive painkillers for children and adults in hospital settings. One of the great scandals to come out of the drug war is the growing understanding that potent painkillers are not being offered in sufficient amounts to patients suffering intractable and agonizing pain.
“There’s a certain amount of hysteria about narcotics among doctors,” maintains one researcher.
At least half of all cancer patients seen in routine practice report inadequate pain relief, according to the American College of Physicians. For cancer patients in pain, adequate relief is quite literally a flip of the coin.
A September 10 New York Times report highlights studies by the World Health Organization which amply document the ongoing scandal in pain management. At least 6 million cancer and AIDS patients currently receive no appropriate pain treatment of any kind. In addition, WHO estimates that four out of five patients dying of cancer are also suffering severe pain. The numbers of untreated patients suffering intractable, unrelieved pain from nerve damage, burns, gunshots, sickle cell anemia, and a host of other medical conditions can only be guessed at. Typically, non-addicted patients take morphine therapeutically for pain at doses in the 5 to 10 mg. range. But experienced morphine addicts regularly take several hundred milligrams a day—a huge difference. In many cases, pain relief is the one thing doctors can offer their patients, and the one thing they withhold
These outcomes, rather than flashy cocaine seizures at the border, represent the lasting fruits of the drug war.
Photo Credit: www.foreignpolicyjournal.com
0 comments:
Post a Comment